Internal-combustion oil engine



Jan. 9, 1928.

1,441,506. A. HYDER- INTERNAL COMBUSTION OIL ENGINE.

FILED NOV. 25,1918. 2 SHEEIS-$HEEY L ,I wean/ Z6 P: 9600:, J T ZZQJ Jan. 9, 1928.

A. HYDER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION OIL ENGINE.

2 SHEETSSHEET-2 FILED NOV. 25,1918.

jli iararej ieteiited Jan. 9; 1923.

ice.

ALVIN Hanna, or sAnrnnno, CALIFORNIA.

inzrnnnencoivrnusrion OIL ENGINE.

application filed November 1913. Serial No. 264,003. I

T 0 all 10 7mm it may concern: 1

Be it known that I, A VIN HYnnn, a citi i zen of the United States,'residing at-San Pedro, in the county of Los Aiigele's and State of GZIlIiT OXDdEL hQLVQ invented a new and useful Internal-Combustion Oil Engine of.

which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal conibus-.

tion engines and more especially to theignition features thereof.

The invention is not limited to the em-Q ployment of oil in the operation of theen gine and it is understood that the'term oil employed herein signifies any fuel suitable for burning in an engine of; the semi-Diesel or analogous type of engine. I

An importantobject isto make provision for the scavenging of burnt gases from the hot ball or vaporizer so that a comparatively small amount of iuel in ectedinto said hot i ball will maintain the same at. suitable ternother, especially from the pei'ature 'i'or ignition of the fuel.

Anobject of the invention is to facilitate operating the engineundei' idling conditions and changing from one condition to the idling to the load condition. I I v I The type of engine shownin the drawings as embodying the invention is the SO-tGlIl'lGCl,

. semi-Diesel engine whicheinploys a hot ball or; vaporizer and comparatively high com-- pression of the gases, the heat of combustion of the charges of oil and air serving to mainta n the vaporizers at the requisite temperature. for ignition of the charges When said charges have been compressedby'the pistons.

v In order to thoroughly understand some f ofthe advantages of this invention, atten-'" tion is direc'ted'to the fact-that the semia line indicated by w+a:", Fig. 2, the governor Diesel-engine operates Well under "full load,

that is-to say, that if the engineis working under load all of the cylinders will fire substantially regularly so thatthe power lI1'1- pulsesvare delivered to the shaft by the pistons Working successively on their power strokes. lVhen the loadis reinovechfor instance when the clutch is thrown outto disengage the driven shaft and its connected load from the engine shaft quite oiiten one or more of the engine cylinders ceasesfirin'g and-theidling of the engineis done on the *remainingcylinder or cylinders. In this t pe of'engine. a torch is employed to. init ally'heatthe .hot ballsufliciently to cause inders i ignitionofthe'charge, and it is obvious'that when is desiredto put a load onthe engine o 'ierat ngat idling speed the hot balls'of the inactive cylinders must be heated by their torches or any other suitable means before the cylinders will function. As an example of one use oi this type of engine in which it is necessary to have the engineidle, "fre- It is neces sary in the. OPGIELtlOII of fishing boats that their engines be idled trequentlydiiring' the casting and hauling in of the fishing nets. .Without my improvement it is neoessaryto heat up the hot balls of the 'idle cylinders after each stopping of the boat for the cast hauling in of the nets. Another- ObjQQt of this invention is to produce evenness ofoperation of the engine when idling an d vibrations the avoidance of excessive Other objects and advantages will appear in the Siil3]0 1116(l detailed descr ption.

I The accompanying drawings illustrate the Figure l is a side elevation of anengine "embodyingthe invention,- portions thereof being shown ,in vertical mid section and otherportions broken-away for clearness of illustration. .5 I

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the engiiie cylinders and the ignition mechanism.

i Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectionaleleva-tion on elevation i 1 The engine shownin Fig. lot the drawings,"with the exception of the improvements and air starting device also being shown in i indicated hereinafter to be described, is a-Fairbanks- Morse type 0-4) marine oil engine andis illustrated as being provided with three cyl- It is understood that the engine mayhavetwo or more cylinders. The en-- gine governor'is indicated at 2., the speed control lever at 3, the starting lever at t, vthepumpat 5, theIiI'nel pump lever at 6 and the clutch control lever at'Z. Each of the cylinders lris provideclwith; a piston 8, only 'ders.

one of which is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings berause of the nature otthe view.

The upper end oit that one of the cylinders 1. shown in section in "Fig. l of the drawings forms a hot ball or vaporizer into which the charge is compressed on the upstroke oi the piston tllGNRPOl'iZQl S comniunicating through a port 1.0 with the pi ton chamber ll ofthe cylinder. The vaporizer 9 provided with suitable initial heating means for starting -the engine into operation and such means in the instance shownfin the drawings comprises a starting tube 12 and a torch 13 adapted to play a 'flame upon the starting tube to heat the some. T he vaporizer -9 is Jrovided with a 1 ,7 ruei intake port ll connected by a tnelpipe 15') to a suitable source'ot supply. The va poriZerS is connected bya tube 16 to a valve chamber 17 provided with a suitable valve 18 which, in the instance shown in the drawings, is in thet'orm ota disk provided with a port 19 adapted when the disk is turned to port-opening position to register with an outlet port 20 in the valve chamber.

- The valve chamber and its valve may be of any other suitable construction than that shown in the drawings though I have found that the ones described are very satisfactory in operation since the heat does not zrtlect its operation. The stem ot the valve shown at and saidstem is turned by a suitable arm 22, there being a spring 23 to hold the valve stem upward so as to hold the valve plate 18 tightly against the upper wall of the valve chamber in order to avoid leakage of past the disk valve. A stop Eltis proi' ided in the valve chamber and said stop may be in the form of a screw projecting into the valve chamber and adapted to engage shoulders 25 26 in the edge of the valve l8 tolunit 'ro'tative movement ot and it more than one is employed they will preferably-be of different sizes. The parts 1ato 26 inclusive describedabove for the one cylinder are also employedtor each of the other cylinders and those that are vis ble aredcsignatcd the drawings by'the same The ports 20 of the valve chambers 17 connected one another by fi m oi? burnt gases discharged from the'va- :er a oc-iated with the cylinder where- 'coinbustion occurring; so that when the alves 18 are turned to open positions corn nninication is'ati'orde tl between the different cylinde s to permit the hot gases to dis charge from the'chamber 27 into the vaporizers assciated with "the remaining cylin- Any suitable means are provided to "tened to anysuitable support.

' rod ot the pumps oi he e1 no increases.

I tubing 2? I nch constitutes chamber for the recepsimultaneously operate the arms 22 for opening and closingot the valves 18 and said means may be hand-operated if desired. l prefer that the valves 18 be opened and closed automatically by operation of the governor 2 and tor this reason the following described construction is provided. Pivoted at 28 to the arms 2:2 is a. rod 29 which is screw-tln'eaded at one end into a tubular slide 30 adapted to reciprocate in a sleeve 5]. supported by standards32 has In the in stance shown in the drawings. see Fig. (3, thestandards 3:2 are fastened to the air starter body 83 of the engine The sleeve 3i is provided diametrically thereof with a; pin 14 passing through a slot in the slide 30 'nd also through a slot 36 in a cam plate which fastened to one end of a rod 8 that is pivoted at its other end at "39 to the lever ill of the governor 2 so that opera't-ion' of the governor will cause movement of the rod 38. The cam plate 3! is adapted to slide through longitudinal slots ll in the sleeve andthrough longitudinal slots es in the slide 30. The cain' plate 37 is provided at its middle portion at opposite edges thereof with slanting faces 1'8, 44: respectively adapted to hear against the oppo. 'tc ends-ct the slots l-fifsaid slot ends thus lorn'iinn abutments so that up and down ernor Lrauses upward movement ot the let 0nd of the governor lever 40 iii-Fig. 6 thus causingopening movement ot the val res l8.

The governor lever ell) is connected to a wl'i'ich terms aportion ot the mecha- '1 ior controlling the length a or stroke This mechanism need not be describedheroin since it is oil well known construction. In this particular engine upvard movement o't-thc rod causesshort; mung" ot the stroke ot the pump pluu,-';'ers

so as to cause the pumps to turnish' less fuel to the engine. cylinders; when the speed p the '-'alves open in volume the valves 13 close.

and when the fuel increases ."lcr tion ot the invention is astoh' ig ansoe When said vaporizer 9 has;been heated. to"

the gas-igniting temperature the starting lever 4: will beoperated :to admit compressed I air to the cylinders, in a manner well underwell understood in connection with this type. of 011 engine, whereupon the governor, ow-

stood in theart pertaining-to 'oilengine's, thus starting the pistons lntoxopeiationl Ignition of the charge compressed in the torch-heated vaporizer- :9 will occur thus starting the engine into self-operation and:

the speed of the-governor is such as toraise the rod 38 to open the valves 18. The valves- 18 being open,whenever a cylinder fires some of the burning gases will discharge froniits heated vaporizer 9 through the tubingQ'T and valves 18 and tubes 16 of the other cylinders into said other cylinders thus heat-- ingthe Vaporizers and igniting the charge of said other cylinders.

When it is desired to .connectthe' engine with the load, the lever 7 will be operated in the appropriate direction in amanner ing to the slowing effect ofthe load on the gineshaft from the driven shaft. When'the engine, will decrease in speed, 'thuscausing an increased amount of fuel to be supplied to the cylinders and at the same time effecting closing of the valves118. The increased amount of fuel maintains all of the vaporizers 9 at the requisite degree of heat for ignition of the compressed gases. If the ports 19 in the valves be made of the appropriate,

size, it is not necessary to close the valves when connecting :upto they load, but it is preferable to do' s'o to insure a ainst overheating of the pipe connections 2 when running under load.

Now, if it be desired to take the load off of the engine, the lever 7 will be moved in the appropriate direction to disconnect the enload has thus been removed from the engine, the governor 2 will speed up, thus causing a diminished supply of fuel to be furnished to the engine cylinders and effecting opening of the valves 18 so that some ofthe burning gases can pass from all of the cylinders in turn into each of the remaining cylinders so as to maintain all of the vapor izers 9 at the requisite temperature for eifecting ignition of the'successive chargesin each cylinder when said charges" are compressed by the piston. When the valves .18 are open, the burnt gases are displaced from the hot balls 9 into the valve chambers and thence into the tubing 27 on the up-strokeof the engine pistons. Thus, there is a scavenging action in the hot balls since. the gases are forced out through the ports 20 so that the hot gases from the engine cylinders will have access to the entire area of the inner surfaces of the walls of the hot balls and thusmaim tainthem at the proper temperature for ignition of the fuel. From the forego ng it is clear that in this tubes connected with in' proved SBIII'ihDlQSBl engine all of the cylinders are inaction" when the engine is idling as well as when it is under full load. u

andthus with the use of myinvention the operationof the engine is evener and less vibratory than is that of former engines of this'typeq p p p A valuable feature of the above described construction. is the discharging of the fiaming gases into the Vaporizers toward the jet .:0f fuel-oil from theport 14 and opposite to the flow of gases fronrthe piston chamber M through-the portv 10 into the vaporizer so that impact of the flaming gases, oil and" compressed-gases against one another will take place to finely divide and gasify the fuel-'andignite the. mixtureof finely di- I vided fuel and air. i

It is understood that the invention isnot limited in its broader aspects to the details be construed as beingwithin the spirit and scopeof the appendedclaims;

'"lclaimz a. 1. In'an oil enginepthe combination rwith the cylinders thereof having vaporizerspof tubes connected with the vaporizers respectively, valve chambers for the tubes respec.

;tively having outlet ports,- valves in the chambers to control the ports, nieansjto op- '-erate the valves, and tubing connecting-the portsof the valve chambers to'one another.

2. In an oilengine, the combination with the cylinders and governor thereof, of means I controlled by the governor for discharging some of the-flaming gases from one cylinder into the other cylinder at higher speeds only of the governor. 105

3. In an oilengine,-the combination with. the cylinders and governor thereof, of valved connections between the different cylindersand means operative by increasing speeds of the governor to open the 11 necting theports of the valve chambers to 125 oneanother. 1

In an 011 engine, the combination with, the cylinders and' governor thereof, of vaporizers for the cylinders respectively,

tubes connected wlththe Vaporizers respec- 120 ofconstructionshown in the drawings and j vdes'crlbed above, but that the lnvention' 1ncludes such changes and modificatlons asfcan" of, o'f-apiston for the cylinder, a vaporizer.

'tively valve chambers torthe tubes respectively having outlet ports valves in the# chambers to control the ports, cam means operative by change of speed of the governor, means connecting the valves and cam means to oneanothcr, and tubing connect ing the ports of the valve chanil'iers to one. another. 7

6. In an oil' engine, the combination with one of the cylinders and the governorxtherefor the cylinder communicating therewith, means to 1n ect fuel into said vaporizer, a

l tube connectedv with the vaporizer to' disv ernor.

communicating with said cylinder v and charging some of the burnt gases from the charge some of the burnt gases tl'ierefrom, a valve chamber connected with said tube and provided with a port, a valve in the valve chamber to control the port, and means operatively connecting the valve with thegovernor.

7. In an oil engine, the combination with one of the cylinders and the governorthere of, of a piston for the cylinder; a vaporizer means controlled by the governor tor -dis vaporizeriat higher speeds oiily of the gov-- 8. In an oil engine the combination with one of the cylinders and the governor thereof, of a piston 'for the .cylindeiya vaporizer communicating with said cylinder, and meanscontrolled by the governor for discharging some of theburnt gases from the vaporizer at certain speedsonly of the governor.

0. :In an Oil engine, the combination with the governor andone of the cylinders thereof, (it a piston tor thecylinder a vaporizer comnnmicatiiig with said cylinder, means to inject: fuel into said vaporizer, a tube connected with the vaporize-r to discharge some of the burnt gases therefrom, a valve chamber connected with said tube and proivided with a port, a valve in the valve chamberto control'the port and means operative by increasing speed of the governor to 'open the valve and operative by decreasing speed of the governor to close said valve.

10. In an oil engine; the combination with a governor therefor-oi a cylinden a piston for the cylinder, a vaporizer for the cylinder communicatingtherewith and provided with a port means to inject fuel into the vaporizer, a tube leading from the port to discharge someof the burnt gases from the vaporizen a valve chamber connected with the tube and having a port, a valve to control the last named port, a chamber in com mnnication with the last named port, and

means operatively connecting the governor with the valve.

Signed'at Los rin 'eles, California, this 

